Illustration-inspired visualization deals with generating visualizations of real-world data that mimic manual illustrations drawn by highly trained artists.
A SIGGRAPH 2007 paper titled Interactive Cutaway Illustrations of Complex 3D Models from Li et al. does an excellent job of generating visualizations that have a hand-drawn look as well as allow the viewer to interact with the data. Here is one of many excellent images from their paper

Particularly interesting is their authoring tool, that allows users to create many different labeled illustrations of the same data.
Illustration principles such as edge shadows and edge shading have been used very effectively to give a hand-drawn look-and-feel to their generated illustrations.
Some other interesting papers in the field of cutway illustrative visualization are:
- BRUCKNER, S., AND GROLLER, M. 2006. Exploded views for volume data. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12, 5 (Sept./Oct.), 1077–1084.
- CORREA, C., SILVER, D., AND CHEN, M. 2006. Feature aligned volume manipulation for illustration and visualization. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 12, 5 (Sept./Oct.), 1069–1076.
- MCGUFFIN, M. J., TANCAU, L., AND BALAKRISHNAN, R. 2003. Using deformations for browsing volumetric data. In Proceedings of IEEE Visualization 2003, 401–408.
Please feel to comment on these or any other papers that I may have missed and I will be happy to update the blog accordingly.